Uphuhliso loshishino lwefenitshala lukhoyo ngoku kunye nohlalutyo lwentsingiselo yoshishino Ifanitshala
njengempahla eninzi yabantu, kwimigangatho yokuphila yabantu ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala phantsi kwemeko yophuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nomthamo omkhulu wemarike, i-avareji yengeniso yenzuzo iphezulu kakhulu kunomda wengeniso yentlalo yolu shishino, ngoko kushishino lwefenitshala lushishino. utyalo-mali lwenkunzi kunye nokwandiswa kweyona ibalaseleyo.Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, kwakukho amashishini efanitshala angama-3,500 e-China, anabasebenzi abangama-300,000 kunye nexabiso lemveliso ye-5.36 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Ngo-1998, bekukho amashishini efenitshala angama-30,000 e-China, anabasebenzi abazizigidi ezi-2 kunye nexabiso lemveliso ye-yuan eyi-78 yeebhiliyoni.Okwangoku, kukho ngaphezu kwama-50,000 abenzi befenitshala eTshayina, abaqeshe malunga ne-5.5 yezigidi zabantu.Ukusuka kwi-1.297 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-1996 ukuya kwi-$ 5.417 yezigidigidi kwi-2002?Ukuthunyelwa kwefenitshala yaseTshayina kumazwe angaphandle kunyuke ngaphezu kwe-30% ngokomndilili.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ubethe kumzi-mveliso wefenitshala: kwelinye icala, amaplanga angaphandle awakwazi ukungena eTshayina, okukhokelela kwixabiso leenkuni, kwelinye icala, intengiso yezindlu ezibuthathaka, intengiso yefenitshala yasekhaya yawela ekuweni.
Ubhubhani uza kuphelisa amanye amashishini amancinci abuthathaka, kodwa isitokhwe sentengiso yefenitshala yefanitshala akufuneki sitshintshe ngo-2020, ngoko ke amashishini amakhulu asaphilayo kunye namashishini ohlobo aya kuba namathuba amaninzi.
Ngokuqhelaniswa kokuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane, kunye nokuphuculwa kwemfuno yobomi basekhaya kwiintsapho zendyikityha, kulindeleke ukuba kubekho ukukhula okuqhumayo kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka.Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini lefenitshala laseTshayina liya kuphuhlisa kwicala lobukrelekrele.
I. Uhlalutyo lwemeko yangoku yoshishino lwefenitshala
1. Inani lamashishini efenitshala
Kukho inani elikhulu lamashishini efenitshala eTshayina.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lefenitshala laseTshayina belisoloko lihlenga-hlengisa kwaye lidityaniswa, kwaye inani lamashishini angentla kobukhulu obumiselweyo libonise ukukhula okukhawulezayo.Ngokwedatha yoMbutho weFanitshala yaseTshayina, inani lamashishini efenitshala ngaphezulu kobungakanani obuchongiweyo eTshayina lafikelela kuma-6410 ngo-2019.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kwendawo yophuhliso loshishino lwefanitshala
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, iZiko loPhando loShishino laseZhongshang lidibanise iindawo ezingama-32 zophuhliso lwefanitshala yasekhaya.Ngokwezibalo, indawo yophuhliso lwefenitshala yasekhaya isasazwa ikakhulu kwindawo yonxweme olusempuma, indawo esembindini, nakwindawo ekumzantsi-ntshona.Ngokwenani lemimandla yophuhliso, iphondo laseGuangdong linelona nani likhulu lemimandla yophuhliso lwefenitshala, ene-5 iyonke.
Ubume boshishino lwefenitshala kwiPhondo laseGuangdong lugqibelele.Umzekelo, ifanitshala yeShunde idume ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaye inomxokelelwane ogqibeleleyo woshishino, wenza isangqa seshishini lefenitshala ye-pan-Shunde kunye neShunde njengendawo ephambili.
Ilandelwa liPhondo laseZhejiang, elinemimandla emi-4 yophuhliso lwefanitshala;IPhondo laseJiangxi kunye nePhondo leHebei indawo nganye ineendawo ezi-3 zophuhliso lwefanitshala;IPhondo laseSichuan, iPhondo laseAnhui, iPhondo laseHunan, iPhondo laseShandong kunye nePhondo laseJiangsu ngalinye linamabini;Onke amanye amaphondo kunye nezixeko zine-1.
3. Imveliso yefenitshala
Ukususela ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2017, imveliso yefenitshala yaseTshayina ibonisa ukunyuka okunyukayo.Ngo-2018, urhulumente ulungelelanise i-caliber ye-statistical industry yefenitshala.Ngo-2018, imveliso yefenitshala yamashishini angaphezulu kobukhulu obumiselweyo yayiziingceba ze-712.774 yezigidi, phantsi kwe-1.27% unyaka nonyaka.Imveliso yefanitshala ngo-2019 yayiziingceba ezizigidi ezingama-896.985, ihle nge-1.36 yeepesenti unyaka nonyaka.
4. Isikali semarike yefanitshala
Njengoko imeko-bume yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo lwase-China iqhubeka nokukhula imivuzo, imarike yefenitshala yamaplanga yaseTshayina ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngo-2019, imakethi yefenitshala yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-637.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Ubungakanani bemarike kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-781.4 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2024.
Phakathi kwabo, ukukhula kwemarike yefenitshala yepaneli kuya kuzinza, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka le-3.0% ukusuka kwi-2019 ukuya ku-2020 kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka se-4.8% ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya ku-2024. Iibhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2024.
5. Ubume befanitshala yokuthumela ngaphandle
I-China ngowona mvelisi wefenitshala inkulu ehlabathini, ngokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi, inkqubo yorhwebo lwefenitshala yamazwe ngamazwe iyakhawuleza, umzi wakwaZhongyuan, umzi wakwaGujia, umzi wakwaQumei kunye namanye amashishini efanitshala aseka imarike yaphesheya kweelwandle, isikali sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe siyanda kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo.Ngo-2019, ukuthengiswa okuqokelelweyo kumzi-mveliso wefenitshala yaseTshayina yayingama-56.093 eebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, inyuke nge-0.96% ngonyaka.
Mbini.Intsingiselo yophuhliso loshishino lwefanitshala
Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe yi-40 yophuhliso, ishishini lefenitshala laseTshayina liye laphuhla ukusuka kushishino lwezandla zemveli ukuya kwishishini lomlinganiselo omkhulu elinobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nezixhobo, ikakhulu ezisekelwe kwimveliso yomatshini wokuzenzela.
Umkhwa woshishino lwefenitshala ekrelekrele awuyi kutshintsha ngenxa yengxabano yamashishini ambalwa efenitshala.Ngoncedo lwetekhnoloji entsha efana ne-Intanethi yeshishini kunye nedatha enkulu, isantya esikrelekrele soshishino lwefenitshala siya kukhawuleza kwaye sikhawuleze.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwemveliso ekrelekrele, ipateni yalo lonke ikhonkco loshishino lwefenitshala itshintshe kakhulu kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo.Okokuqala, ukusebenza kwamashishini efenitshala yemveli kuye kwancipha ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Okwesibini, amashishini awela umda ngokuthe ngcembe angena kwimarike yefenitshala.Umzekelo, imboni ye-IT emelwe nguXiaomi isondela kufutshane nefenitshala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.Okwesithathu, ukunyuka kwefenitshala yesiko kuye kwanda.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwemveliso ekrelekrele, ukhuphiswano olungundoqo lwamashishini efenitshala luye lwatshintsha kakhulu, ngokuthe ngcembe luxhomekeke kukhuphiswano oluphantsi lwexabiso lezinto zobutyebi ukuphucula umxholo wetekhnoloji kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso.Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwimveliso esulungekileyo ukuya kwimveliso + inkonzo;Ukusuka kumenzi wefenitshala ukuya kumnikezeli wesisombululo senkqubo yekhaya.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukhuphiswano lwamashishini efenitshala luya kunabela kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino.
Kwimeko yemarike yanamhlanje, ukhuphiswano luya lusanda, ishishini lefenitshala ngokwalo linokunqongophala kweenzuzo ezizinzileyo zokhuphiswano, amashishini akasakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo kwinqaku elinye lemveliso, inqanaba lenkonzo emva kokuthengiswa kwenkonzo ikwanjalo nabahlobo bethu beshishini abakwazi. ungayihoyi ingongoma ephambili.Ukwaneliseka kwabathengi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuba amashishini apapashe, kodwa ikwayeyona ndlela ilungileyo yamashishini yokuseka umfanekiso webrand, ukwakha ukuthembeka kwabathengi kunye nokuqokelela abathengi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-03-2022